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fjt_190713 - CORPORATIONS Poulaillers - Jurés vendeurs de volailles, refrappe moderne 1709

CORPORATIONS Poulaillers - Jurés vendeurs de volailles, refrappe moderne MS
Not available.
Item sold on our e-shop (2011)
Price : 55.00 €
Type : Poulaillers - Jurés vendeurs de volailles, refrappe moderne
Date: 1709
Metal : brass
Rarity : R1
Catalogue references :

Obverse


Obverse legend : LUDOVICUS. MAGNUS. REX.
Obverse description : Tête à droite de Louis XIV signée TB en monogramme [n°248].
Obverse translation : Louis le Grand, roi.

Reverse


Reverse legend : PRODERIT. HIS. PECUS. UT. VOLUCER ; À L'EXERGUE : IUREZ. VENDEURS. CONT. DE. VOLAILLES. 1709.
Reverse description : Adam et Eve nus, vus de face, à gauche du revers, parmi des animaux, au pied de l'arbre au serpent.
Reverse translation : Le bétail, comme la volaille, leur sera utile.

Commentary


Refrappe moderne. Cet exemplaire illustre le type dans BUSTES car il a été impossible aux auteurs de trouver une frappe ancienne avec ce buste.
Sous le nom peu élégant de "poulaillers" on a désigné pendant plusieurs siècles les marchands de volailles, gibiers en poil et en plume, abattis et diverses petites viandes. Ils se trouvaient en concurrence avec les regrattiers, les rôtisseurs, les cuisiniers-oyers, sans compter les marchands forains qui envahissaient les marchés ; aussi leur métier, libre et sans privilèges, finit par disparaître vers le XVIe siècle, absorbé par le nombre toujours croissant des marchands de l'approvisionnement et par les employés chargés de la surveillance des marchés, pourvus de l'office de vendeur de volailles.
Modern re-striking. This example illustrates the type in BUSTES because it was impossible for the authors to find an old strike with this bust. For several centuries, the inelegant name of \\\"poultry coops\\\" was used to designate the merchants of poultry, game in hair and feathers, offal and various small meats. They found themselves in competition with the regrattiers, the roasters, the cook-oyers, not to mention the street vendors who invaded the markets; also their profession, free and without privileges, ended up disappearing around the 16th century, absorbed by the ever-increasing number of supply merchants and by the employees responsible for monitoring the markets, provided with the office of poultry seller.

Historical background


CORPORATIONS

In Rome, groups of artisans already existed: forming a college placed under the protection of a divinity, with a common house and fund. In medieval Europe, probably from religious brotherhoods, economic groups were formed between merchants called hanse or ghilde.. With the development of trade, craftsmen organized themselves into trade bodies or communities which brought together all those who practiced the same profession: masters, journeymen or apprentices.. To enter the body, you had to "swear" the profession. Alongside, there were free professions that could be practiced by all.. Each corps was headed by a collegial management responsible for enforcing the regulations of the trade, protecting the trade from competition and directing the mutual benefit society.. At the end of the 17th century, the king began to sell the functions of jurors and corporate trustees as hereditary offices, which led to serious financial difficulties at a time when the corporations no longer met the new economic requirements of the development of industry and business concentration. It is also in England that the corporations disappeared spontaneously because of the industrial revolution.. The corporations will be abolished in France in 1791 by the Constituent Assembly.

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