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E-auction 334-249414 - fjt_533940 - CORPORATIONS Lapidaires Orfèvres Graveurs-ciseleurs 1786

CORPORATIONS Lapidaires Orfèvres Graveurs-ciseleurs VF
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NO BUYER'S FEE.
Estimate : 35 €
Price : 37 €
Maximum bid : 70 €
End of the sale : 09 September 2019 18:03:30
bidders : 7 bidders
Type : Lapidaires Orfèvres Graveurs-ciseleurs
Date: 1786
Metal : copper
Diameter : 29 mm
Orientation dies : 6 h.
Weight : 7,58 g.
Rarity : R1
Catalogue references :

Obverse


Obverse legend : ITQUE. DOCETQUE. VIAM.
Obverse description : Saint Jacques debout de face.
Obverse translation : Il va et nous enseigne le chemin.

Reverse


Reverse legend : PRIMI. MARTYRES ; À L'EXERGUE : RÉUNION. 1786.
Reverse description : Le massacre des Innocents. Signé GATTEAUX.
Reverse translation : Les premiers martyrs.

Commentary


Ce jeton fut frappé à l'occasion de l'acte d'union des orfèvres et des lapidaires du 17 mars 1781, les premiers travaillant l'or et les seconds, les pierres fines. Nous ignorons la raison de cette référence au massacre des innocents.

Historical background


CORPORATIONS

In Rome, groups of artisans already existed: forming a college placed under the protection of a divinity, with a common house and fund. In medieval Europe, probably from religious brotherhoods, economic groups were formed between merchants called hanse or ghilde.. With the development of trade, craftsmen organized themselves into trade bodies or communities which brought together all those who practiced the same profession: masters, journeymen or apprentices.. To enter the body, you had to "swear" the profession. Alongside, there were free professions that could be practiced by all.. Each corps was headed by a collegial management responsible for enforcing the regulations of the trade, protecting the trade from competition and directing the mutual benefit society.. At the end of the 17th century, the king began to sell the functions of jurors and corporate trustees as hereditary offices, which led to serious financial difficulties at a time when the corporations no longer met the new economic requirements of the development of industry and business concentration. It is also in England that the corporations disappeared spontaneously because of the industrial revolution.. The corporations will be abolished in France in 1791 by the Constituent Assembly.

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