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Live auction - fjt_662507 - CORPORATIONS CINQUIEME CORPS DES MARCHANDS LES BONNETIERS 1746

CORPORATIONS CINQUIEME CORPS DES MARCHANDS
LES BONNETIERS AU
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Estimate : 200 €
Price : no bid
Maximum bid : no bid
End of the sale : 24 October 2023 19:16:43
Type : CINQUIEME CORPS DES MARCHANDS LES BONNETIERS
Date: 1746
Metal : silver
Diameter : 28 mm
Orientation dies : 6 h.
Weight : 6,68 g.
Edge : cannelée
Rarity : R2
Catalogue references :

Obverse


Obverse legend : LUD. XV. REX. CHRISTIANISS.
Obverse description : Buste à droite de Louis XV signé fm.
Obverse translation : Louis XV, roi très chrétien.

Reverse


Reverse legend : QUANTOS. DUO. FLECTIT. IN. USUS ; À L'EXERGUE : LES. MDS. BONNETIERS. 1746.
Reverse description : Écu aux armes des Bonnetiers : cinq navires allant à gauche sous une étoile et au-dessous de la Toison d'or couronnée.
Reverse translation : Vers combien d'usages il les tourne tous les deux !.

Commentary


En 1390, on comprend sous le titre de bonnetiers, les aumussiers, les mitainiers et les chapeliers. Dans les premiers temps de la fabrication appelée plus tard bonneterie, on appelait bonnet le fil de laine tissé à la main avec l'aiguille et la broche. Les bonnetiers ont le droit de vendre toutes sortes de bonnets de drap, de laine, ronds ou carrés, des bas, gants, chaussons, camisoles, caleçons, au métier, au tricot ou à l'aiguille, en soie, laine, coton, chanvre ou lin, poil de chameau ou de castor et autres pareilles matières.
Les bonnetiers étaient chargés de tisser à la main le fil de laine avec une aiguille, la bonneterie, ou à l’aide d’une broche, pour le broché ou “jersey”. On les appelait aussi chapeliers, gantiers ou mitainiers mais avec le temps le terme bonnetier devient générique. Leurs statuts sont rédigés en 1550 et confirmés en 1608. En 1660, un arrêt décide qu’ils auront préséance sur les orfèvres et seront désormais au cinquième rang des marchands, ce que rappelle les cinq navires sur leur blason ou au revers de ce jeton. En 1776, unis aux chapeliers et pelletiers ils formeront le troisième des six corps. Au XVIIIe siècle il y a environ 450 maisons de bonneterie à Paris. La devise du revers est strictement liée à la corporation des bonnetiers (F. 4872-4880b).

Historical background


CORPORATIONS

In Rome, groups of artisans already existed: forming a college placed under the protection of a divinity, with a common house and fund. In medieval Europe, probably from religious brotherhoods, economic groups were formed between merchants called hanse or ghilde.. With the development of trade, craftsmen organized themselves into trade bodies or communities which brought together all those who practiced the same profession: masters, journeymen or apprentices.. To enter the body, you had to "swear" the profession. Alongside, there were free professions that could be practiced by all.. Each corps was headed by a collegial management responsible for enforcing the regulations of the trade, protecting the trade from competition and directing the mutual benefit society.. At the end of the 17th century, the king began to sell the functions of jurors and corporate trustees as hereditary offices, which led to serious financial difficulties at a time when the corporations no longer met the new economic requirements of the development of industry and business concentration. It is also in England that the corporations disappeared spontaneously because of the industrial revolution.. The corporations will be abolished in France in 1791 by the Constituent Assembly.

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