fjt_791483 - CARDINAL ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS, DUKE OF RICHELIEU CARDINAL DE RICHELIEU 1642
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Type : CARDINAL DE RICHELIEU
Date: 1642
Metal : red copper
Diameter : 27 mm
Orientation dies : 6 h.
Weight : 5,98 g.
Edge : lisse
Rarity : R2
Coments on the condition:
Présence de concrétions à l’avers
Catalogue references :
Predigree :
Exemplaire provenant de la Collection MARINECHE
Obverse
Obverse legend : ARMAND IO CAR DVX DE RICHELIEV.
Obverse description : Buste de Richelieu.
Reverse
Reverse legend : AEQVORA TVTA TENET ; À L'EXERGUE : 1642.
Reverse description : Vaisseau à un pavillon fleurdelisé, avec L sur un autre pavillon.
Reverse translation : Il garde les eaux sûres.
Commentary
Voir sa biographie et portrait à http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Jean_du_Plessis_de_Richelieu
Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal-duc de Richelieu et duc de Fronsac, pair de France, ministre de Louis XIII. Né à Paris le 9 septembre 1585, il meurt le 4 décembre 1642 à l'âge de 57 ans.
Initialement destiné au métier des armes, il est contraint de rentrer dans les ordres afin de conserver à sa famille le bénéfice de l'évêché de Luçon. Il devient secrétaire d’État en 1616 puis cardinal en 1622 et principal ministre de Louis XIII en 1624. Il reste en fonction jusqu'à sa mort, en 1642 ; le cardinal Jules Mazarin lui succède.
La fonction exercée par Richelieu auprès de Louis XIII est souvent désignée par le qualificatif de premier ministre, alors que le titre n'existe pas à l'époque. Aussi le cardinal est-il parfois considéré comme le premier des Premiers ministres que le monde ait connus. Son action englobe aussi bien des dimensions politiques, diplomatiques et coloniales que culturelles et religieuses.
Réputé pour son habileté voire son caractère jugé retors, souvent critiqué pour sa fermeté intransigeante, il fait du concept moderne de raison d'État la clé de voûte de ses méthodes de gouvernement et de sa vision diplomatique et politique. En lutte à l'intérieur contre la noblesse et les protestants, et à l'extérieur contre les Habsbourg, réprimant sévèrement aussi bien les duels meurtriers que les révoltes antifiscales paysannes, il est considéré comme un fondateur essentiel de l'État moderne en France.
Son action est un dur combat pour un renforcement du pouvoir royal, qui s'affirmera d'une manière plus triomphante sous le gouvernement personnel de Louis XIV (1661-1715) et plus apaisée sous celui du cardinal Fleury (1726-1743). Cette nouvelle forme de la monarchie sera plus tard désignée par le terme d'absolutisme.
See his biography and portrait at http://fr. Wikipedia. org/wiki/Armand_Jean_du_Plessis_de_Richelieu Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal-Duke of Richelieu and Duke of Fronsac, peer of France, minister of Louis XIII. Born in Paris on September 9, 1585, he died on December 4, 1642 at the age of 57..
Initially destined for the profession of arms, he was forced to enter the orders in order to preserve for his family the benefit of the bishopric of Luçon. He became Secretary of State in 1616 then Cardinal in 1622 and Principal Minister of Louis XIII in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Jules Mazarin..
The function exercised by Richelieu with Louis XIII is often referred to as Prime Minister, although the title did not exist at the time.. The cardinal is therefore sometimes considered the first Prime Minister the world has ever known.. Its action encompasses political, diplomatic and colonial dimensions as well as cultural and religious ones..
Renowned for his skill and even his devious character, often criticized for his intransigent firmness, he made the modern concept of reason of State the keystone of his methods of government and his diplomatic and political vision.. Struggling internally against the nobility and the Protestants, and externally against the Habsburgs, severely repressing both deadly duels and peasant anti-tax revolts, he is considered an essential founder of the modern state in France..
His action was a hard fight for a strengthening of royal power, which would assert itself in a more triumphant manner under the personal government of Louis XIV (1661-1715) and more peacefully under that of Cardinal Fleury (1726-1743).. This new form of monarchy would later be referred to as absolutism.
Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal-duc de Richelieu et duc de Fronsac, pair de France, ministre de Louis XIII. Né à Paris le 9 septembre 1585, il meurt le 4 décembre 1642 à l'âge de 57 ans.
Initialement destiné au métier des armes, il est contraint de rentrer dans les ordres afin de conserver à sa famille le bénéfice de l'évêché de Luçon. Il devient secrétaire d’État en 1616 puis cardinal en 1622 et principal ministre de Louis XIII en 1624. Il reste en fonction jusqu'à sa mort, en 1642 ; le cardinal Jules Mazarin lui succède.
La fonction exercée par Richelieu auprès de Louis XIII est souvent désignée par le qualificatif de premier ministre, alors que le titre n'existe pas à l'époque. Aussi le cardinal est-il parfois considéré comme le premier des Premiers ministres que le monde ait connus. Son action englobe aussi bien des dimensions politiques, diplomatiques et coloniales que culturelles et religieuses.
Réputé pour son habileté voire son caractère jugé retors, souvent critiqué pour sa fermeté intransigeante, il fait du concept moderne de raison d'État la clé de voûte de ses méthodes de gouvernement et de sa vision diplomatique et politique. En lutte à l'intérieur contre la noblesse et les protestants, et à l'extérieur contre les Habsbourg, réprimant sévèrement aussi bien les duels meurtriers que les révoltes antifiscales paysannes, il est considéré comme un fondateur essentiel de l'État moderne en France.
Son action est un dur combat pour un renforcement du pouvoir royal, qui s'affirmera d'une manière plus triomphante sous le gouvernement personnel de Louis XIV (1661-1715) et plus apaisée sous celui du cardinal Fleury (1726-1743). Cette nouvelle forme de la monarchie sera plus tard désignée par le terme d'absolutisme.
See his biography and portrait at http://fr. Wikipedia. org/wiki/Armand_Jean_du_Plessis_de_Richelieu Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal-Duke of Richelieu and Duke of Fronsac, peer of France, minister of Louis XIII. Born in Paris on September 9, 1585, he died on December 4, 1642 at the age of 57..
Initially destined for the profession of arms, he was forced to enter the orders in order to preserve for his family the benefit of the bishopric of Luçon. He became Secretary of State in 1616 then Cardinal in 1622 and Principal Minister of Louis XIII in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Jules Mazarin..
The function exercised by Richelieu with Louis XIII is often referred to as Prime Minister, although the title did not exist at the time.. The cardinal is therefore sometimes considered the first Prime Minister the world has ever known.. Its action encompasses political, diplomatic and colonial dimensions as well as cultural and religious ones..
Renowned for his skill and even his devious character, often criticized for his intransigent firmness, he made the modern concept of reason of State the keystone of his methods of government and his diplomatic and political vision.. Struggling internally against the nobility and the Protestants, and externally against the Habsburgs, severely repressing both deadly duels and peasant anti-tax revolts, he is considered an essential founder of the modern state in France..
His action was a hard fight for a strengthening of royal power, which would assert itself in a more triumphant manner under the personal government of Louis XIV (1661-1715) and more peacefully under that of Cardinal Fleury (1726-1743).. This new form of monarchy would later be referred to as absolutism.
Historical background
CARDINAL ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS, DUKE OF RICHELIEU
(09/09/1585-14/12/1642)
Armand Jean du Plessis was born in Paris on September 9, 1585 to a grand provost of the Poitevin nobility and the daughter of a bourgeois and lawyer.. When his brother Alphonse decided to become a monk, he wanted to replace him at the bishopric of Luçon and had to undertake theological studies.. He was ordained bishop in 1607, when he was only twenty-two, then he was appointed chaplain to the queen mother, Marie de Medici, and secretary of state in 1616.. Close to Concini, he fell into disgrace during the latter's assassination. He was rehabilitated in 1622 and he became the principal minister of Louis XIII in 1624. Upon his return to power, Richelieu never ceased to fight the Protestants. In particular, he organized the siege of La Rochelle, which benefited from the help of the Duke of Buckingham; the city surrendered on October 28, 1628. He also fought the armies of Rohan in the Cévennes and Languedoc. He repressed with an iron fist the revolt of the "barefoot" of Normandy (punishment of Rouen) and had the feudal strongholds dismantled in order to avoid any revolt.. As superintendent of navigation and commerce, he developed trade with Guyana, Martinique, Réunion, Madagascar and Canada.. Richelieu died in Paris on December 14, 1642..
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