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fme_1089037 - PHARMACISTS - CHEMISTS - APOTHECARIES Médaille, Galien, Conseil supérieur de la pharmacie

PHARMACISTS - CHEMISTS - APOTHECARIES Médaille, Galien, Conseil supérieur de la pharmacie XF/AU
50.00 €(Approx. 58.50$ | 43.50£)
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Type : Médaille, Galien, Conseil supérieur de la pharmacie
Date: n.d.
Mint name / Town : 44 - Nantes
Metal : bronze
Diameter : 60,5 mm
Orientation dies : 12 h.
Engraver VERNON (de) Jean (1897-1975)
Weight : 121,71 g.
Edge : lisse + corne BRONZE
Puncheon : corne BRONZE
Coments on the condition:
Patine hétérogène avec des taches d’oxydation et concrétions
Catalogue references :

Obverse


Obverse legend : GALIEN.
Obverse description : Tête de profil à droite, signé : JEAN VERNON.

Reverse


Reverse legend : CONSEIL. SVPERIEVR. DE. LA. PHARMACIE // M.ME C. TRAVERS / LABORATOIRE / ETACH.
Reverse description : Caducée posé sur un cartouche.

Commentary


La médaille a été décernée à Madame C. Travers du laboratoire Etach.
The medal was awarded to Mrs. C. Travers of the Etach laboratory

Historical background


PHARMACISTS - CHEMISTS - APOTHECARIES

Following the Muslims, European medieval pharmacy was enriched by chemical research. The common doctrine considered that diseases constituted morbid essences and that remedies acted as antidote. Also appeared in the 16th and 17th centuries. new remedies like arnica, valerian, cinchona. The corporation of apothecaries was united with that of grocers because sugar, rare in the Middle Ages, was considered more of a remedy than a food. Apothecaries began to be regulated by Charles VIII in 1484, then Louis XII separated apothecaries from grocers. Access to the profession of pharmacist was difficult, which did not prevent doctors in Molière's time from considering pharmacist-apothecaries as inferior. The first public school of pharmacy dates from 1576 and Louis XVI transformed it into a College of Pharmacy in 1777. Then, Bonaparte organized the first three national schools of pharmacy in Paris, Montpellier and Strasbourg. Finally, the arrival of synthetic substances after 1850 led to the development of modern chemical pharmacy..

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