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fjt_128306 - CORPORATIONS Les marchands bonnetiers 1746

CORPORATIONS Les marchands bonnetiers XF
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Price : 200.00 €
Type : Les marchands bonnetiers
Date: 1746
Metal : silver
Diameter : 28 mm
Orientation dies : 6 h.
Weight : 6,99 g.
Rarity : R2
Catalogue references :

Obverse


Obverse legend : LUD. XV. REX - CHRISTIANISS..
Obverse description : Buste à droite de Louis XV, signé FM, type Guéant Prieur 582H.
Obverse translation : Louis XV, roi très chrétien.

Reverse


Reverse legend : QUANTOS DUO FLECTIT IN USUS. ; À L'EXERGUE : LES MDS BONNETIERS. 1746.
Reverse description : Écu aux armes des bonnetiers : cinq navires allant à gauche sous une étoile et au-dessous de la Toison d'or couronnée.
Reverse translation : Vers combien d'usages il les tourne tous les deux.

Commentary


En 1390, on comprend sous le titre de bonnetiers, les aumussiers, les mitainiers et les chapeliers. Dans les premiers temps de la fabrication appelée plus tard bonneterie, on appelait bonnet le fil de laine tissé à la main avec l'aiguille et la broche. Les bonnetiers ont le droit de vendre toutes sortes de bonnets de drap, de laine, ronds ou carrés, des bas, gants, chaussons, camisoles, caleçons, au métier, au tricot ou à l'aiguille, en soie, laine, coton, chanvre ou lin, poil de chameau ou de castor et autres pareilles matières.
Les bonnetiers étaient chargés de tisser à la main le fil de laine avec une aiguille, la bonneterie, ou à l’aide d’une broche, pour le broché ou “jersey”. On les appelait aussi chapeliers, gantiers ou mitainiers mais avec le temps le terme bonnetier devient générique. Leurs statuts sont rédigés en 1550 et confirmés en 1608. En 1660, un arrêt décide qu’ils auront préséance sur les orfèvres et seront désormais au cinquième rang des marchands, ce que rappelle les cinq navires sur leur blason ou au revers de ce jeton. En 1776, unis aux chapeliers et pelletiers ils formeront le troisième des six corps. Au XVIIIe siècle il y a environ 450 maisons de bonneterie à Paris. La devise du revers est strictement liée à la corporation des bonnetiers (F. 4872-4880b).
In 1390, the title of hosier included the almussiers, the mitteners and the hatters.. In the early days of the manufacture later called hosiery, the woolen thread woven by hand with a needle and spindle was called a bonnet.. Hosiery makers have the right to sell all kinds of cloth or woolen caps, round or square, stockings, gloves, slippers, camisoles, underpants, loomed, knitted or needle-knitted, in silk, wool, cotton, hemp or linen, camel or beaver hair and other similar materials..
Hosiery makers were responsible for weaving wool yarn by hand with a needle, hosiery, or using a spindle, for brocade or “jersey”. They were also called hatters, glovers or mitteners but over time the term hosier became generic.. Their statutes were drawn up in 1550 and confirmed in 1608. In 1660, a decree decided that they would have precedence over the goldsmiths and would henceforth be in the fifth rank of merchants, as recalled by the five ships on their coat of arms or on the reverse of this token.. In 1776, united with the hatters and furriers, they formed the third of the six corps. In the 18th century there were around 450 hosiery houses in Paris.. The motto on the reverse is strictly linked to the hosiery guild (F. 4872-4880b)

Historical background


CORPORATIONS

In Rome, groups of artisans already existed: forming a college placed under the protection of a divinity, with a common house and fund. In medieval Europe, probably from religious brotherhoods, economic groups were formed between merchants called hanse or ghilde.. With the development of trade, craftsmen organized themselves into trade bodies or communities which brought together all those who practiced the same profession: masters, journeymen or apprentices.. To enter the body, you had to "swear" the profession. Alongside, there were free professions that could be practiced by all.. Each corps was headed by a collegial management responsible for enforcing the regulations of the trade, protecting the trade from competition and directing the mutual benefit society.. At the end of the 17th century, the king began to sell the functions of jurors and corporate trustees as hereditary offices, which led to serious financial difficulties at a time when the corporations no longer met the new economic requirements of the development of industry and business concentration. It is also in England that the corporations disappeared spontaneously because of the industrial revolution.. The corporations will be abolished in France in 1791 by the Constituent Assembly.

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