fco_540144 - VIETNAM - ANNAM - TU DUC 60 Van n.d.

VIETNAM - ANNAM - TU DUC

(1848-1883)

In 1858, the massacre of French missionaries by Emperor Tu Duc, successor to his father Thieu Tri (1841-1847), allowed Napoleon III to intervene in the region.. A short war broke out. The French seized Tourane in 1858, Saigon in 1859 and besieged Hanoi. The war ended in favor of France with the Treaty of Saigon in 1862.. Annam ceded lower Cochinchina to France. On the other hand, the French placed Cambodia under protectorate. In 1873, Francis Garnier captured Hanoi on November 20, but was killed in December by the Black Flags. The French had to evacuate Hanoi in February 1874. The second treaty of Saigon recognized the cession of Cochinchina and opened the Red River, hitherto forbidden to foreigners, to French trade. Banque d'Indochine was founded on January 21, 1875. In 1882, the Chinese, overlords of the Annamites, let the French in Tonkin be massacred by the Black Flags. Commander Rivière takes Hanoi on April 25, 1882, but he is killed at Pont de Papier on May 19, 1883. The French send Admiral Courbet with an expeditionary force of 4. 000 men. Tu Duc dies at 54. This is the start of the Tonkin War.