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fme_615503 - SECOND EMPIRE Médaille, Napoléon III et Eugénie, Palais de l’Industrie

SECOND EMPIRE Médaille, Napoléon III et Eugénie, Palais de l’Industrie XF
140.00 €(Approx. 151.20$ | 120.40£)
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Type : Médaille, Napoléon III et Eugénie, Palais de l’Industrie
Date: 1855
Mint name / Town : 75 - Paris
Metal : copper
Diameter : 68 mm
Orientation dies : 12 h.
Engraver CAQUÉ Armand Auguste (1795-1881)
Weight : 167,7 g.
Edge : Lisse + main CUIVRE
Puncheon : main indicatrice (1845-1860) et CUIVRE
Coments on the condition:
Patine marron avec des coups et rayures. Beaux reliefs malgré une légère usure sur certains reliefs
Catalogue references :

Obverse


Obverse legend : EUGÈNIE IMPÉRATRICE. NAPOLÉON III EMPEREUR.
Obverse description : Bustes accolés d’Eugénie et Napoléon III; signé : CAQUE. F. / GRAVEUR DE S.M.L’EMPEREUR.

Reverse


Reverse legend : PALAIS DE L’INDUSTRIE, (LÉGENDE SUPÉRIEURE); COMMENCE 10 FÉVR : 1853. ACHEVÉ AVRIL 1855. / NAPOLÉON III EMPEREUR / A. FOULD, CTE DE PERSIGNY, MAGNE / MINISTRES. / VTE DE ROUVILLE DIRECTEUR. / ARDOIN, RICARDO, BOUISSIN ADMIN / VIEL ARCHIT: BARRAULT ING / GERVAIS ET CNE EDIT., (EN 8 LIGNES À L’EXERGUE).
Reverse description : Vue axonométrique sur le Palais de l’industrie.

Commentary


L’exposition universelle fut décrétée pour le 15 mai 1855 pour témoigner au monde entier de la prospérité de la France, suite à l’exemple de l’Angleterre en 1851. Napoléon III inaugura cette première exposition universelle française en déclarant : “j’ouvre avec bonheur ce temple de la paix qui convie tous les peuples à la concorde”.
Le palais de l’industrie étonna par sa construction métallique et la hardiesse de la nef centrale haute de 35 mètres. Construit de 1853 à 1855, sur les plants de l’architecte Jean-Marie VIel (1797-1863), il forme un parallélogramme de fonte et de verre à deux étages, dont les façades principales ont 252 mètres de long, et les façades latérales 108 mètres. Il est composé d’un pavillon central et de pavillons d’angle. L’entrée principale se compose d’une immense arcade, flanquée de chaque côté de colonnes corinthiennes et surmontées d’une attique que décorent un bas-relief.
Le palais subsistera jusqu’en 1900 pour ensuite être démoli et remplacé par les Petit et Grand Palais actuels construits pour l’Exposition Universelle de Paris en 1900.
Source : Médailles de Napoléon III, Hess Divo.

Historical background


SECOND EMPIRE

(02/12/1852-04/09/1870)

Proclaimed Emperor under the name of Napoleon III, Louis Napoleon made his solemn entry into Paris on December 2, 1852.. He married Eugénie Marie de Montijo, a Spanish aristocrat, in January 1853. His reign can be divided into three periods: the authoritarian Empire until 1860; the Liberal Empire from 1860 to 1870 then the Parliamentary Empire in 1870. During the authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III exercised his power without sharing, controlled the press while the newspapers practiced self-censorship to avoid their suppression.. The prefects exercise unlimited power in the departments, the mayors, the civil servants are appointed by the government. As under the First Empire, Education and the University are monitored. Maintaining the main principles of the revolution, the sovereignty of the people is continued thanks to the consultation by plebiscite. On the economic level, the boom is important, industrialization develops as well as credit organizations and department stores. Military prestige is increased by the Crimean War which allows France to play an international role. The attack of Orsini (January 1858) does not prevent France from intervening in Italy to make triumph the principle of nationalities and allows the attachment of Nice and Savoy by the treaty of Turin (March 1860). From 1860, the Empire moved towards more freedoms: free trade treaty with England, appearance of a weak opposition in the Legislative Body, granting of the right to strike (1864), liberalization of the press (1868). On the international level, France acquires New Caledonia, Cochinchina and encourages the digging of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. In Mexico, however, support for Maximilian and Austria was a failure. The 1869 elections were very bad for the regime and the opposition obtained 45% of the votes. The regime then evolved towards a parliamentary Empire by calling Émile Ollivier, leader of the Orléanist and liberal party, to power. After Sadowa in 1866 when Prussia crushed Austria, the affair of the throne of Spain and the dispatch from Ems led to the war which was declared on July 19, 1870. Accumulating setbacks, the French army was surrounded in Metz then Napoleon III, ill, capitulated at Sedan on September 2. As soon as the news was known, the decline of the Empire was announced by Gambetta, then the Republic was proclaimed on September 4.. Napoleon III was then taken captive to Hesse and then left for Kent where he died in 1873..

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