Live auction - bry_1142521 - CHARLES VII LE BIEN SERVI / THE WELL-SERVED Agnel d’or s.m. Montpellier
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Live starting : Type : Agnel d’or
Date: 21/10/1417
Date: s.m.
Mint name / Town : Montpellier
Metal : gold
Millesimal fineness : 833 ‰
Diameter : 25 mm
Orientation dies : 6 h.
Weight : 2,52 g.
Rarity : R2
Coments on the condition:
Cet exemplaire est frappé sur un flan large et irrégulier. Exemplaire présentant des faiblesses de frappe et recouvert d’une patine marron
Predigree :
Cet exemplaire provient de la collection Michel Favé
Obverse
Obverse legend : + AGN: DEI: Q[VI T]OLL': PCA: MVDI: MISE: NO[B]IS, (M ET N ONCIALES, PONCTUATION PAR DEUX ANNELETS SUPERPOSÉS).
Obverse description : Agneau pascal à gauche, une des pattes antérieures relevée, la tête tournée à droite et nimbée, devant une croix tréflée avec croisette supérieure et avec un gonfanon qui coupe la légende à l'exergue et repose sur un trèfle, le tout dans un polylobe bouleté interrompu en bas par °K° R- FX°.
Obverse translation : (Charles, roi des Francs ; agneau de Dieu qui enlève les péchés du monde, prends pitié de nous).
Reverse
Reverse legend : + XPC'* VINCIT* XPC'* RE[GN]AT* XPC* INPERAT, (N ROMAINES ET RÉTROGRADES, PONCTUATION PAR UNE ÉTOILE À CINQ RAIS).
Reverse description : Croix trifoliée avec une rose à cinq pétales dans un quadrilobe anglé en cœur, cantonnée de quatre lis, le tout dans un quadrilobe anglé cantonné de six petits lis, d'un groupe de trois points posés en triangle et d'une croisette.
Reverse translation : (Le Christ vainc, le Christ règne, le Christ commande).
Commentary
Variété de Montpellier avec un point sous le 3e au droit et sous la 4e lettre du revers, en raison de la présence d’un lis sous la 3e lettre. D’après nos recherches en archives, le 12 novembre 1427 “fut ordonné en la ville de Montpellier faire moutons à vingt carats, à un quart de carat de remède et de quatre-vingt-seize de poids au marc, et pour différence des dessusdicts ont un point ouvert dessoubs le d de dei”. Cette description correspond bien à cet agnel d’or. De plus, cette monnaie présente une croix et trois lis (au lieu des quatre lis) en cantonnement de la croix du revers. D’après Jean Duplessy, il s’agit de la marque de la 3e émission de l’agnel de Charles VII, qui d’après cet auteur n’était connue que par un unique agnel conservé au Cabinet des Médailles (J. Duplessy, CN, 1988, p. 387-389).
A variety from Montpellier with a dot under the third letter on the obverse and under the fourth letter on the reverse, due to the presence of a fleur-de-lis under the third letter. According to our archival research, on November 12, 1427, “it was ordered in the city of Montpellier to mint 20 carats, a quarter of a carat of gold, and 96 pounds per mark, and, as a difference from the aforementioned, to have an open dot under the 'd' of 'dei'.” This description corresponds well to this gold agnel. Furthermore, this coin features a cross and three fleurs-de-lis (instead of four) in the quarters of the cross on the reverse. According to Jean Duplessy, this is the mint mark of the third issue of the agnel of Charles VII, which, according to this author, was known only from a single agnel preserved in the Cabinet des Médailles (J. Duplessy, CN, 1988, pp. 387-389).
A variety from Montpellier with a dot under the third letter on the obverse and under the fourth letter on the reverse, due to the presence of a fleur-de-lis under the third letter. According to our archival research, on November 12, 1427, “it was ordered in the city of Montpellier to mint 20 carats, a quarter of a carat of gold, and 96 pounds per mark, and, as a difference from the aforementioned, to have an open dot under the 'd' of 'dei'.” This description corresponds well to this gold agnel. Furthermore, this coin features a cross and three fleurs-de-lis (instead of four) in the quarters of the cross on the reverse. According to Jean Duplessy, this is the mint mark of the third issue of the agnel of Charles VII, which, according to this author, was known only from a single agnel preserved in the Cabinet des Médailles (J. Duplessy, CN, 1988, pp. 387-389).
Historical background
CHARLES VII LE BIEN SERVI / THE WELL-SERVED
(30/10/1422-22/07/1461)
Born in Paris in 1403, Charles was the son of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria. On his accession to the throne, Charles VII was king only for the southern part of France (Anjou, Touraine, Berry, Marche, Bourbonnais, Auvergne, Forez, Languedoc). Normandy, northern Maine, Chartrain, Île-de-France, Champagne and Brie, Calais and Guyenne, Brittany and the Burgundian state (Duchy of Burgundy, counties of Flanders and Artois, Rethel, Nevers, Mâcon and Charolais ) recognized Henry VI as King of France and England. The Duke of Bedford, installed in Paris, had left the government of England to Beaufort and Gloucester. The "king of Bourges" had with him the houses of Bourbon, Orléans and Anjou-Provence. The first years of the war were indecisive. In 1428, the English decided to occupy Orléans and cross the Loire. It was then that Joan of Arc appeared, a young girl from Lorraine, who, having heard voices ordering her to free France from the English yoke, went to Chinon to Charles VII.. He was given men and weapons. On May 6, 1429, she launched the assault against the English stuck in front of Orleans and unblocked the city. On June 18, the French defeated the English at Patay, Troyes was reached on July 10; on the 17th, Charles was crowned in Reims. The towns of Champagne soon returned to the obedience of the legitimate sovereign. The winter campaign of 1429-1430 was less successful: the royal army failed before Paris. As for the Duke of Burgundy, he was now swinging between the two parties. In May 1430, Jeanne was taken by the Burgundians in front of Compiègne. They handed her over to the English for ransom. On May 30, 1431, after a witchcraft trial, the Maid was burned in Rouen. However, the French reconquest continued. In 1434, the Normans rose up against the English occupier. On November 12, 1437, Charles VII entered Paris. The "Burgundy" Parliament of Paris and the "Armagnac" Parliament of Poitiers merged. A truce was concluded in 1444 and broken in 1449. The reconquest of Northern France took place in one year (1449-1450). The English were definitively defeated at Formigny on April 15, 1450.. The conquest of Guyenne, faithful to its overseas sovereign, was more difficult. Bordeaux and Bayonne were taken in 1451, Bordeaux taken over by the English under Talbot in 1452. Finally, on July 17, 1453, at Castillon, Talbot was defeated and killed.. Bordeaux was definitively taken over in November 1453. Joan of Arc's rehabilitation trial took place in 1456. Now the Wars of the Roses paralyzed Albion. The Council of Constance (1414-1418) had put an end to the Great Schism by bringing to the pontifical throne Martin V (1417), who convened the Council of Basel (1431-1448). It was in this context that Charles VII promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438) which deprived the pope of the collation of ecclesiastical benefices and recognized the superiority of the Council over the sovereign pontiff.. The great seigniorial dynasties remained mistresses of half of the kingdom (Brittany, Foix, Armagnac, Albret, Burgundy). Their coalitions, such as the Praguerie of 1440, failed, despite the disagreement between Charles VII and his son, the Dauphin Louis. In this autumn of the Middle Ages, the royal monarchy was reborn stronger than ever. The English defeated, he still had to overcome the great feudal principalities.
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